The most common type of Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) in children is known as Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL). ALL is a type of cancer that affects the bone marrow and white blood cells. It is the most common type of childhood leukemia, accounting for about 25% of all childhood cancer cases.
ALL occurs when the bone marrow produces too many immature white blood cells, known as lymphoblasts. These cells are unable to fight infection and crowd out the healthy, mature white blood cells. As a result, the body is unable to fight off infections, leading to anemia, easy bruising, and fatigue.
Although the exact cause of ALL is unknown, research suggests that it is likely a combination of environmental and genetic factors. Exposure to certain viruses, chemicals, and radiation can increase the risk of developing ALL. There is also evidence to suggest that some genetic abnormalities may be a contributing factor.
Treatment for ALL typically involves a combination of chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and bone marrow or stem cell transplant. The goal of treatment is to rid the body of the cancerous cells and restore the production of healthy, mature white blood cells. Treatment may last for 6-24 months, depending on the individual's age and the type and severity of the cancer.
With prompt diagnosis and treatment, the overall survival rate for children with ALL is around 90%. With newer treatments, survival rates are even higher and are continuing to improve.